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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Uncovering Competitive Behavior: How Critical Thinking, Self-Efficacy, and Social Comparison Shape College Students in Central Java, Indonesia

The Open Psychology Journal 05 May 2025 RESEARCH ARTICLE DOI: 10.2174/0118743501383616250425105109

Abstract

Background

The diverse characteristics of university students in Central Java, Indonesia, present challenges for institutions. Understanding how social comparison mediates the relationship between critical thinking, self-efficacy, and competitive behavior is crucial for the advancement of higher education in the digital era.

Objective

This research investigates how critical thinking and self-efficacy impact competitive behavior among students in Central Java, Indonesia, with social comparison playing a mediating role.

Methods

The study utilized the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine hypotheses within a quantitative descriptive research framework.

Results

Findings indicate that critical thinking positively influences competitive behavior and social comparison, and, in turn, social comparison affects competitive behavior. Social comparison plays a significant role in the interaction and competitiveness among students. Furthermore, social comparison moderates the relationship between critical thinking, self-efficacy, and competitive behavior.

Conclusion

Universities should focus on enhancing students' critical thinking and self-efficacy through workshops, mentoring, and fostering positive social comparison. This approach may offer valuable insights into how cultural and environmental factors can impact future study outcomes.

Keywords: Critical thinking, Self-efficacy, Competitive behavior, Social comparison.
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